The Unscientific Myth of Darwinian Evolution and the Quran
The Unscientific Myth of Darwinian Evolution
In the preceding chapter we have studied the conflicting situation
between the scientists and Christendom and inspiratory role of the Qur’ān
towards the promotion of scientific learning. The Qur’ān repeatedly
invites our attention to acquire awareness about the developments around us
through our perception. In this way the hidden secrets of the entire universe
and the realities pertaining to man’s creation are comprehensively
assimilated. The Muslim scientists and scholars, influenced by the Qur’ānic
concepts on man’s life, explored new avenues of scientific development. This
is also a fact that Islamic thought has played a vital role in the development
of Western philosophies. Putting aside the illogical, irrational rather
whimsical Darwinian theory of evolution here we scientifically probe into
special creation of man, which is scientifically investigated compatible with
the revealed truths.
Larmarck, Malthas, Mendle, Darwin, Wilson and others who have presented evolution as
Lamarckism. Darwinism or Neo-Darwinism all have based their conclusions on
certain similarities found between humans and certain animals. These
similarities are of the following nature:
- Biological similarities.
- Anatomical similarities.
- Biochemical similarities.
- Genetic similarities.
These similarities, discovered after a great deal of scientific research had already
been pointed out by the Qur’ān 14 centunes ago in verse 38 of’Surah 6 of the Holy Qur’ān:
And the animals on the earth and the two-winged birds which fly in the sky, they are
creations similar to you (O’Mankind).
[1]
The word amthalukum(similar to you) indicates different kinds of similarities between animals,
birds and humans. However, the Qur’ān does not agree with the inference
drawn from these similarities, nor do all the scientists agree on this. Also
they could not prove their theory conclusively. They acknowledge the lack of
continuity in their theory. This discontinuity is called “Missing links.”
Due to many such missing links, there are several contending and contradicting
interpretations of the theory of evolution and no single unified theory has been
put forward.
We would see here that, whatever aspects of scientific research are in line with the Qur’ānic
concepts, it will smoothly reach its conclusion in a natural way. On the other
hand, any idea or research which contradicts the Qur’ān will never get
out of the cobweb of confusion and doubts.
According to Dr. Nūrbāqī, about a hundred years ago, Charles Darwin a
clergyman, graduated from Christ’s College, Cambridge University and with no
previous background in medicine or biology, claimed that man was an animal who
had evolved from unicellular organisms and had descended from the apes. A lot of
scientists jumped on his bandwagon, and soon the myth called evolution was going
full speed. This view was taught for years in all educational institutions as if
it were a fact of science.
According to one modem scientist, Duane Gish, evolution (i.e. the descent of man from an
animal) is a philosophical notion without any scientific basis. In fact R.B
Geldschmidt, a professor of biology and one of the most fervent proponents of
evolutionism, is honest enough to admit that no unequivocal scientific evidence
exists in favour of evolution, and that it is simply a way of thinking. The
Oxford Dictionary states that for a theory to be scientific, it must embody
observed facts within a framework of general laws.
The Most Progressive Evolutionists
Not everybody realizes that as the crushing scientific evidence against Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism
continues to pile up, opposition to evolution, long considered to be the domain
of cranks, is in the last few years being joined by a progressively increasing
number of main stream biologists. As Jeremy Rifkin points out in his recent
erudite and devastating critique of the evolution myth, eminent biologists and
zoologists such as C.H. Waddington, Pierre-Paul Grasse, and Stephen Jay Gould
have played their part in exposing evolution for the pseudoscience (the epithet
is Grasse’s) that it is.
Prof Goldschmidt and Prof Macbeth make it clear that there is no scientific proof of
evolution. This is the truth behind the theory of evolution, which the
semiliterate assume to be established science. Some of the pictures given in
books by evolutionists are total fabrications. Despite these eliminatory facts,
I would like to explain the inside story underlying certain biological phenomena
which evolutionists believe support their case, so that no door should be left
open to concession in the minds of those reading the verses and their
interpretations.
-
In accordance with their earlier conceptions, evolutionists still classify cells as
primitive or evolved. After 1955, however, it was realized
that 99% of cellular structure is identical, and that this value is 100% for
DNA, the chemical building block. The difference between cells, lies in their
mathematical programs. That is, a plant cell is programmed to process Oxygen,
while a liver cell is geared to produce bile. Since one cannot speak of
computer. programs serving different purposes as being primitive or evolved
versions of one another, evolution, i.e. the gradual attainment of perfection,
is not a valid statement. Evolutionists should first disabuse themselves as
regards the relation between a cell and its mathematical program.
-
According to the evolutionists, the reason why evolution cannot be
observed today is that it takes place very gradually, in million of years. In
1965, however, a new island (Surtsey) was born near Iceland in submarine
volcanic upheavals, and hundreds and thousands of insects and plant species
emerged there within an interval of a year. It is still not understood how and
whence they came.
-
According to evolutionists, evolution has occurred through mutation, that
is, the alternation of genetic traits. This claim is a distortion of the truth
in the clearest sense of the term. Mutation is never constructive; it is destructive.
In the experiments of Muller, who discovered mutation, there was no gene alteration,
but rather, gene destruction. The same is true for all subsequent mutation experiments:
traits are not altered, but destroyed. Either cancer or death is the result, or else
the impaired trait leads to a weaker organism (like Muller’s green-eyed
flies). In spite of the thousands of experiments conducted today, no one has yet
obtained a new organism from the mutation of another. In the bone marrow, on the
other hand, millions of different cells are produced from a parent cell each
second. Surely if there had been any truth in mutation, the phenomenon should
have been firmly established by this time.
-
Evolutionists claim that skeletons linking man and the primates exist.
Piltdown Man, the most famous of these, was proven to be a fake by radioactive
experiments, and thrown out of the British Museum together with the trash.
Furthermore, the brain of a primate weighs l3Og, whereas, that of a human being
weighs 1350g. According to evolutionary theories, there should be at least ten
intermediate organisms in between. It is inconceivable that none of these have
survived. We must ask the evolutionists: since the ape itself still survives in
all its varieties, where are these ten types of organism on the road from
primate to man?
-
Evolutionists have gone so far as to declare that the appendix in the
human gut is a useless left-over of evolution. The appendix is, however, one of
the most active organs in the body, serving as the ‘tonsils’ of the lower
abdomen, it secretes intestinal fluid and regulates the types and quantities of
intestinal bacteria. There are no useless organs in the body; quite to the
contrary, each organ performs several different tasks simultaneously.
-
The question of the purpose of evolution: evolutionists do not believe in
God, yet look for a purpose in evolution. They assume increasing complexities
and perfection in the chain from primitive to (in their view) elevated
organisms. But to assume such as ascent is both arbitrary and subjective. What
is meant by perfection? In terms of decorative colours, for example, the
butterfly is at the zenith. In terms of electronic equipment, the bat is
unrivalled, with the terrific radar-vision system in its possession. The most
developed organism capable of memory retention in terms of brain weight is the
dolphin, and the most evolved animal in terms of warfare is the termite, which
is smaller than an ant. The weapons used by termites are poisons with a boiling
point of 100oC that can kill an organism in their environment. Who, then,
has evolved from whom? In terms of chemical warfare, the ape is a more retarded
organism than a termite.
-
Evolutionists contend that organisms are subject to natural selection or
to the ‘survival of the fittest’, and give dinosaurs as examples of species
that have become extinct. But among the one and a half million species of
organisms, those which have become extinct do not reach a hundred. What is
really significant here is the fact that organisms have survived under the most
difficult circumstances of life for millions of years. I would like to give
three outstanding examples of this.
- Blind fish: a kind of fish lacking visual apparatus lives at the bottom
of the ocean. Fish possessing sonar (sonic radar) systems and fish that
‘see’ by electric fields also live in the same ecological niche. If the
evolutionists were correct, the blind fish should have been displaced by the
other two. But the three varieties of fish have peacefully coexisted for
millions of years.
-
The blind snake is actually a kind of lizard. Since it lacks appendages,
life is especially difficult for this creation; yet it too has survived for
millions of years. It neither becomes extinct, nor evolves into a lizard. Where
are the principles of the fable called evolution?
-
A species of Australian Porcupine carries its offspring over its belly
like a kangaroo. Why doesn’t it mutate to get rid of the bothersome quills
sticking into its stomach and find peace like other porcupines? The reason is
that God has willed it that way, and the porcupine is reconciled to life and
servanthood. The evolutionist can never understand this mystery, for he is
caught in a whirlpool of blind logic.
There is no such phenomenon, then, as natural selection; God has created all species in his endless exhibition of organisms.
- Blind fish: a kind of fish lacking visual apparatus lives at the bottom
of the ocean. Fish possessing sonar (sonic radar) systems and fish that
‘see’ by electric fields also live in the same ecological niche. If the
evolutionists were correct, the blind fish should have been displaced by the
other two. But the three varieties of fish have peacefully coexisted for
millions of years.
-
If the notions of evolutionists were correct, a development would have
occurred in every organism starting with the amoeba, and single species would
have been formed like the links in a chain. That is, one variety of worm, one
kind of fish, of insect, and one type of bird should have succeeded the amoeba,
or at most several varieties of each. Yet there are more than 300,000 varieties
of insects alone. What sort of evolution is this?
-
In each species of animal, furthermore, all conceivable types of appearance have been
displayed. Almost as many species of organisms have been formed as there are
possibilities in geometry and biology. Colours of all kinds have painted more
than 10,000 patterns on the wings of butterflies. Furthermore, each species has
its large and small sizes, such as the lizard and the crocodile, the cat and the
lion, or the guinea-pig and the boar. If evolution existed,’ each organism
should have developed in one direction only, whereas God has, as it were,
created a grand exhibition from the almost infinitely numerous species of
organisms.
-
The impossibility of evolution from the stand point of various sciences
has emerged in recent years.
-
There can be no evolution in physics. Heavier elements cannot be formed
by Hydrogen, at least in peaceful terms. For if you try to obtain Helium by
combining 2 or 4 Hydrogen atoms, you obtain a thermonuclear bond, and the entire
environment is vaporized in a mushroom cloud.
-
Mathematically, evolution is an impossibility. For a worn to be formed
from an amoeba, 39x1020 alternations are needed in its genetic code,
which would take 10 trillion years to produce at the rate of one change per
second, or about five hundred times the age of the observable universe. The
number of alterations in genetic code needed for an ape to evolve into a man
amounts to 3xl0520 changes, which is a number so
inexpressibly large that even after taking the fourth power of the total number
of particles in the universe, we still could not begin to approach it. For
further comparison, the total volume of the universe in terms of the diameter of
an electron does not exceed 10124.
All this shows that evolution is a mathematical impossibility.
- Biologically, there can be no evolution. To this day, no one has been able to change even one cistron (a length of DNA that codes for a particular protein) using scientific methods. There is not one example where this genetic change has been achieved in any organism. The reason is that the genes, which embody the code of architecture, are under the protection of a very special system. If there was not, the world would be filled with bizarre creatures overnight. Evolution, therefore, is biologically impossible: as Nilson Heribert states, species are types that do not change and cannot change.
-
There can be no evolution in physics. Heavier elements cannot be formed
by Hydrogen, at least in peaceful terms. For if you try to obtain Helium by
combining 2 or 4 Hydrogen atoms, you obtain a thermonuclear bond, and the entire
environment is vaporized in a mushroom cloud.
-
Jeremy Ritkin, Algeny Middlesex: Penguin, 1984.
-
Paul S.Moorhead and Martin M.Kaplan, eds. Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian
Interpretations of Evolution, Philadelphia: Wistar Institute Press 1967.
-
Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Boston: Gambit 1971.
-
Duane T.Gish, Evolution: The fossils Say No! San Diego: Creation Life Publishers, 1978
-
John Moore, On Chromosomes, Mutations and Philogeny, Philadelphia, 1971
-
Walter J.Bock, Book review of Evolution by Orderly Law, Science, 164 (1969).
-
Harold Francis Blum, Time ‘s Arrow and Evolution, Princeton University Press, 1968.
-
Nilson N.Heribert, Synthetische Artbildung, University of Lund, Sweden
-
Pierre-Paul Grasse, Evolution of Living Organisms, New York: Academix Press, 1977.
- David Raup. ‘Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology’Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, January 1979.
- Adam’s creation was especially made under the personal supervision of God Almighty and this is really a great honour for him.
- God Almighty created him after kneading the clay and in various stages as is explicit from the following verse:
- Nearly 4.5 billions years ago, at the time of creation of the solar system, the temperature of the earth was too hot to the survival of any creature on it. It was just a hot ball of fire. It cooled down gradually and took 2 billion years to become suitable for the habitation of the initial species of life on it. Then Almighty Allāh started life on it. The atmosphere of the earth was made convenient for the survival of various biological species. The primary phases of life were quite simple, the animals and vegetables who emerged first on the earth, they decreased the densities of it and made it appropriate to the habitation of superior species. However, the atmosphere of the earth became unsuitable for those initial animals and vegetables. So they gradually disappeared from the earth. The mighty Dinosaurs were one of them. When the earthly temperature became suitable for the residence of mankind, Almighty Allāh sent down Adam (the father of mankind) on the earth as His vicegerent. The descent of Adam clearly manifest the fact that man was not created from any inferior creature through evolution. His creation was rather made in the heaven much before his descent on the earth. The natural atmospheric evolution of the earth cannot be mixblended to the special creation of man.
Professor Max Westenhofer has proved in his study that the phylum of fish, birds, reptiles and
mammals have all been merged coevally, and states that Professor Weismann’s
Java Man is a travesty of science. Similarly professor Gish has informed the
scientific community that the primitive human skeleton known as Nebraska Man is
wholly artificial, and that an entire skeleton has been reconstructed on the
basis of a single truth.
We must always bear in mind that evolution is a deliberate deception and forms the basis for
preserved beliefs that spell ruin for societies. Those who are interested can
consult the following sources for further reading:
The most famous Jewish and Christian scientists do not believe in evolution, but remain
spectators in the game of pandemonium. That fact remains that there is no such
scientific creature as evolution: It is an imaginary theory and philosophy. In
other words, the claims in the name of science about the origin of man are
wholly untrue, There is no scientific proof and evidence today that demonstrates
the origin of mankind. What, then is the origin of man? We shall answer this
question in the light of the Holy Qur’ān.
Qur’ān on Evolution
The aforesaid discussion clarifies the fact that Darwinian theory of
evolution is rationally and logically a baseless hypothesis. It is not based on
scientific reasons but rather an outcome of atheistic and materialistic
influences. It is a collection of misconceptions and delusions. The Qur’ān,
therefore, rejects this theory, as it is absolutely incompatible with the Qur’ānic
teachings. Let’s see the real Qur’ānic belief relating the creation of
first man i.e. Adam.
A number of Qur’ānic verses witness the Divine declaration
pronouncing Adam as His successor created with clay. After completing his
special creation God Almighty commanded the angels to prostrate before him. The
logic was to enhance his dignified stature as His successor. The Qur’ān
says:
And (Call to the mind) when your lord said to the angels: “I am about to create a
vicegerent on earth.” [2]
The word “vicegerent” in this verse is used as singular which means
that Almighty Allāh is showing His intention to create one successor. In
order to further emphasize His design the words ‘innija’elun’ have been
used. These words indicate that Allāh is going to create the first man
(Adam) with through planning. A number of Qur’ānic verses corroborate the
reality that Allāh the Greatest does nothing without proper planning:
And He has created everything, then determined for it a proper measure.
[3]
It is further stated:
Verily, for all things has Allāh appointed a due proportion.
[4]
The Qur’ān further stresses the reality that:
And everything whith Him is in proper measurement.
[5]
The words ‘qaddara’ and ‘taqdīr’ have the same
meaning. They reflect that the whole phenomena of the universe and of the
biological species is operating under a compact and organized Divine planning.
The Qur’ān says:
Allāh is the Creator of all things and He is the Guardian and Disposer of all affairs.
[6]
It is further stated:
Glorify the name of the Guardian Lord, most high, Who has created and further given
order and proportion; Who has ordained laws and granted guidance.
[7]
The aforementioned verses nullify the evolutionary theory concocted by the Western scientists.
Emergence of Mankind from One Man
According to the theory of evolution it is impossible for thousands of
species to give birth to only one human being. On the other hand this theory
thinks it possible that a lot of people may born simultaneously. While the holy
Qur’ān categorically states that the appearance of mankind is from one
man and not many. God Almighty, first of all, created a single person, then from
him created his mate and from them spread may men and women. The Qur’ān
says:
O people! fear your Lord who performed (the first act of your) creation from a single soul,
and from it created its mate, then from the pair of them scatted (the creation of) countless
men and women. [8]
This statement does not validate the evolutionary theory at any case.
Here the Arabic word nafs wāhidah means one single person. It is not
applicable to amoeba or other unicellular organisms as some people try to
interpret it. It is illogical from scientific point of view. It is so because
the unicellular organisms do not have any conjugal system. They divide into two
parts without any sexual process. This natural phenomenon is existing from
millions of years and no change in this system is noted till date. So these
unicellular organisms do not have any male or female.
Special Creation of Adam
The Divine declaration that ‘innija‘elun fil ardhe khalifah’
is refuting the evolutionary theory altogether. Many other Qur’ānic
verses validate this statement.
And (call to the mind) when your Lord said to the angels: “I am about to create a human
being from old (and) black stinking, sounding clay. [9]
Here the interpretation of ‘innīja‘elun fil ardhe khalifah’
is being made with the words ‘inni Khaliq un basharan’. In this way
the creation of that particular ‘vicegerent’ is narrated. The word ‘bashar’
is used for both singular and plural in the Qur’ān. For plural it is used
as:
But (the fact is that) the (creatures) whom Allāh has created, you (too) are a
mortal creature from (among) them (that is, you are like other human classes).
[10]
Their messengers said to them: though, we are (in our mortal self) only but human
like yourselves. [11]
And for singular the word ‘bashar’ is used as:
And they (after seeing instantly) said: Allāh preserve us! No mortal is this.”’
[12]
For they said: what! A man; a solitary one from among ourselves! Shall we follow such a one?
[13]
Thus one single man is inferred from the Qur’ānic words ‘inni Khāliqun basharan’.
The forthcoming verse confirms this statement:
So when I have fashioned his (outward) form in perfect proportion and breathed into
(the innermost nature of this mortal) frame my own (light-diffusing) spirit, fall you down
before him in prostration. [14]
Here both the pronouns used in sawwaituhū and nafakhtu fīhī
are singular and masculine which confirm the statement that only one person is
being mentioned and not many. The following verses of surah Sa‘ad
reinforce the same statement:
And (call to the mind) when your Lord said to the angels: I am about to create man from
clay. So when I have fashioned his (outward) form in perfect proportion and breathed into
(the innermost nature of this mortal) frame my own (light diffusing) spirit, fall you down
before him in prostration. [15]
This Qur’ānic statement is, therefore, rejecting the theory of
evolution altogether. It is pointing out the creation of man from clay and not
from unicellular organisms or other animals. Otherwise, the word dābbah would
be used instead of tīn. Another noteworthy point is that the aforesaid
Qur’ānic statement is a dialogue between God Almighty and the angels in
the occasion of Adam’s creation. And all the species of the world had been
emerged till that time as is clear from the following Qur’ānic verse.
And He taught Adam the nature of all things. [16]
So on the occasion when all the animals and vegetables had been appeared,
the Divine statement is a clear substantiation of Adam’s creation from clay.
Summing up
If we summarize the aforesaid whole discussion, we may get the following points relating the
creation of the first man i.e. Adam:
(Allāh) said: O Iblīs! What prevents you from prostrating yourself to one whom
I have created with My hands. [17]
1. Qur’ān (al-An’ām) 6:38.
2. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:30.
3. Qur’ān (al-Furqan) 25:2.
4. Qur’ān (Talāq) 65:3.
5. Qur’ān (Ra‘ad) 13:8.
6. Qur’ān (Zumar) 39:62.
7. Qur’ān (al-A‘lā) 87:1-3.
8. Qur’ān (an-Nisa) 4:1.
9. Qur’ān (Hijr) 15:28.
10. Qur’ān (Ma‘idah) 5:18.
11. Qur’ān (Ibrāhīm) 14:11.
12. Qur’ān (Yousuf) 12:31.
13. Qur’ān (Qamar) 54:24.
14. Qur’ān (Hijr) 15:29.
15. Qur’ān (Sa‘ad) 38:71-72.
16. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:31.
17. Qur’ān (Sa‘ad) 38:75.
2. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:30.
3. Qur’ān (al-Furqan) 25:2.
4. Qur’ān (Talāq) 65:3.
5. Qur’ān (Ra‘ad) 13:8.
6. Qur’ān (Zumar) 39:62.
7. Qur’ān (al-A‘lā) 87:1-3.
8. Qur’ān (an-Nisa) 4:1.
9. Qur’ān (Hijr) 15:28.
10. Qur’ān (Ma‘idah) 5:18.
11. Qur’ān (Ibrāhīm) 14:11.
12. Qur’ān (Yousuf) 12:31.
13. Qur’ān (Qamar) 54:24.
14. Qur’ān (Hijr) 15:29.
15. Qur’ān (Sa‘ad) 38:71-72.
16. Qur’ān (al-Baqarah) 2:31.
17. Qur’ān (Sa‘ad) 38:75.
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